Katerina Grafanaki, Daniella Bakoli Sgourou, Alexandros Maniatis, Christos C Zouboulis
Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin diseases worldwide, characterized by marked clinical heterogeneity, fluctuating disease course, and strong sensitivity to environmental and lifestyle factors. The exposome, encompassing lifelong environmental, lifestyle, psychosocial, microbial, and intrinsic exposures, offers an integrative framework for re-conceptualizing acne as an environmentally modulated inflammatory disease.
